Patellar Tendon Tear: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A patellar tendon tear is a significant knee injury that affects athletes, active adults, and anyone who relies on their knee’s strength and mobility. 

At Precision Orthopaedic Specialties, we offer comprehensive care for patellar tendon tears in Chardon, Chagrin Falls, and Middlefield, OH. Call us today to schedule a consultation!

About the Patellar Tendon

The patellar tendon is a vital structure within the knee joint, connecting the bottom of the patella (kneecap) to the top of the tibia (shinbone). This tendon works alongside the quadriceps tendon, which connects the top of the patella to the quadriceps muscle in the thigh. 

Together, the patellar and quadriceps tendons form a chain that allows the knee joint to extend and straighten, making it possible to perform essential movements like walking, running, jumping, and standing up from a seated position.

A woman holding her knee in pain caused by a patellar tendon tear in Chardon, Ohio.

Types of Patellar Tendon Tears

Patellar tendon tears vary in severity, and understanding these differences is essential for determining the most effective treatment plan. Generally, patellar tendon tears can be categorized into partial tears and complete (or full-thickness) ruptures. Each type affects knee function differently and requires a unique approach to recovery.

  1. Partial Patellar Tendon Tears: Partial tears occur when only part of the patellar tendon is damaged, meaning some fibers remain intact. While the knee may still be able to support some weight, there is often pain, swelling, and a limited range of motion. Partial tears are more common in cases of repetitive stress injuries, particularly in athletes experiencing patellar tendonitis (an inflammation of the patellar tendon).
  2. Complete Patellar Tendon Ruptures: A complete rupture means the patellar tendon is fully torn, disconnecting the patella from the tibia. This type of tear significantly impairs knee movement and stability, making it nearly impossible to straighten the leg or bear weight on it. Complete ruptures are often the result of a traumatic injury, such as a sudden jump or fall.

What Causes a Patellar Tendon Tear?

A patellar tendon tear occurs when the patellar tendon is overstressed or subjected to sudden impact. This type of injury is commonly seen in high-impact sports such as basketball, volleyball, and track, where quick jumps and abrupt movements place intense pressure on the knee. However, tendon tears can happen to anyone, especially individuals who may be dealing with patellar tendonitis, a condition where the patellar tendon becomes inflamed.

Overuse injuries and conditions such as patellar tendonitis increase susceptibility to tears. As the tendon weakens over time, it becomes prone to partial patellar tendon tears, especially during strenuous activities. Additional risk factors for patellar tendon ruptures include:

  • Age: Tendon elasticity diminishes with age, making tears more likely in adults over 35.
  • Chronic Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes or chronic renal disease can affect tendon health, increasing the risk of rupture.
  • Corticosteroid Injections: Repeated use of corticosteroid injections in the knee can weaken the patellar tendon.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Patellar Tendon Tear

The symptoms of a patellar tendon tear can vary based on the severity of the injury, ranging from mild discomfort in cases of partial tears to severe pain in complete ruptures. Common signs include:

In some cases, individuals may feel or hear a popping sensation at the time of the injury, which is often indicative of a tendon rupture.

How Is a Patellar Tendon Tear Diagnosed?

Diagnosing a patellar tendon tear typically begins with a physical examination by an orthopedic specialist who will assess the knee’s range of motion and check for any signs of weakness or instability. They may also perform specific tests to evaluate the integrity of the patellar tendon.

To confirm the diagnosis, imaging tests are often used, including:

  • X-rays: While X-rays cannot show soft tissues like tendons, they help determine if the patella has shifted due to the tendon tear.
  • MRI: An MRI scan provides detailed images of soft tissues, allowing for a precise evaluation of the tendon tear’s extent and location.
  • Ultrasound: Ultrasound imaging is another option that can help visualize the tear and assess any inflammation or swelling around the tendon.

What Are the Treatment Options for Patellar Tendon Tears?

The treatment for a patellar tendon tear depends largely on its severity. For minor or partial tears, non-surgical options may be recommended, while complete tears usually require surgical intervention.

  1. Non-Surgical Treatments
    For partial tears or tendonitis, conservative treatments may include rest, physical therapy, and bracing to stabilize the knee. Anti-inflammatory medications or steroid injections can also help reduce pain and swelling, although their use must be carefully managed to avoid weakening the tendon further.
  2. Patellar Tendon Repair Surgery
    In cases of complete patellar tendon rupture, surgery is necessary to restore knee function. During patellar tendon repair surgery, the torn ends of the tendon are reattached to the patella using sutures or anchors. Physical therapy usually follows surgery to restore strength, mobility, and range of motion.
  3. Rehabilitation
    After surgery, a tailored rehabilitation program is essential for recovery. Physical therapy begins with gentle exercises to regain range of motion and gradually progresses to strengthening the quadriceps muscle. The full recovery process can take several months but is crucial for a successful outcome.

Life After Treatment for a Patellar Tendon Tear

Recovery from a patellar tendon tear varies based on the injury’s severity, the type of treatment, and the individual’s commitment to rehabilitation. Most patients can regain full or near-full function with proper care, but certain lifestyle changes may be necessary to prevent re-injury. For instance, strength training and flexibility exercises can support tendon health and reduce the risk of future tendon rupture.

Following rehabilitation, many individuals can return to their sports and activities, though some may experience minor lingering stiffness. For more severe cases, particularly involving athletes, the risk of reinjury remains unless preventative measures are taken. This might include adjusting exercise routines, incorporating low-impact activities, and focusing on quadriceps muscle strengthening.

Finding Expert Care for Your Patellar Tendon Tear

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of a patellar tendon tear, it’s essential to consult an orthopedic specialist who can provide an accurate diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan. Precision Orthopaedic Specialties offers expertise in knee care and patellar tendon repair, helping patients achieve optimal outcomes and return to an active, pain-free life.

Our experienced team across Chardon, Chagrin Falls, and Middlefield, OH, provides comprehensive care tailored to each patient’s unique needs, whether you’re managing an acute patellar tendon injury or in need of advanced rehabilitation.

Medically reviewed by Kraig K. Solak, D.O.